Daily Archives: July 19, 2019

2019-07-19: News Headlines

Ed Sykes (2019-07-19). How Trump and the US have been destroying Ilhan Omar's 'home' country for decades. thecanary.co Donald Trump has been attacking progressive congresswoman Ilhan Omar for months. But his rhetoric stepped up this week when he told her — a ref…

Caitlin Johnstone (2019-07-19). Twitter Restores Assange Activism Account In Response To Backlash. dissidentvoice.org After a week of vocal protests from online supporters of Julian Assange, Twitter has reversed its unjust removal of the prominent pro-Assange activism account @Unity4J. After the account was suspended without any explanation being presented to its operators, Assange supporters drew a clear line in the sand against internet censorship and began making a big …

Sonali Kolhatkar (2019-07-19). Why I'm Glad About Trump's Latest Twitter Tirade. commondreams.org Reps. Ayanna Pressley (D-Mass.) speaks as Ilhan Omar (D-Minn.), Rashida Tlaib (D-Mich.), and Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (D-N.Y.) hold a press conference addressing remarks made by President Donald Trump. (Photo: Brendan Smialowski/AFP/Getty Images) | www.commondreams.org/sites/default/files/styles/cd_special_coverage/public/views-article/thumbs/omar_pressley_aoc_tlaib.jpg

RT (2019-07-19). Pro-Trump Miss Michigan who refused to try on hijab stripped of title over twitter posts — report. rt.com Ardent Trump supporter Kathy Zhu has said she was stripped of a Miss World America title after the organizers took issue with her black-on-black violence tweet and her refusal to try on a hijab as part of a school activity.

RT (2019-07-19). Groupthink or bust: House Democrats want to look united, delete tweets attacking each other. rt.com US House Democrats' progressive and establishment wings have pledged not to let their political convictions get in the way of attacking President Donald Trump, uniting in a "collective de-escalation" to squelch intraparty drama.

RT (2019-07-19). US House chaplain holds EXORCISM after 'spirits of darkness' engulf proceedings. rt.com The House chaplain has staged an emergency prayer intervention in Congress to cast out the "spirits of darkness" he blames for the turmoil that seized the chamber during the vote to condemn the president's tweets for 'racism.'

WSWS (2019-07-19). US investigators identify 70 current and former immigration agents in far-right, racist Facebook groups. wsws.org The announcement came after several Facebook groups connected to Customs and Border Protection agents were discovered to contain vulgar and sexually explicit posts.

susan_p (2019-07-19). Pakistan: Release Ali Wazeer, Mohsin Dawar and PTM activists. greenleft.org.au On May 26, the army fired on a non-violent protest by the Pashtun Defence Movement (PTM) in Waziristan, killing at least 13 people and injuring dozens. | Two PTM members of the Pakistan National Assembly, Ali Wazeer and Mohsin Dawar, who led the protest, were arrested on trumped up terrorism charges and a curfew was imposed on the region. | The curfew created a humanitarian crisis, resulting in three deaths from starvation and lack of medicine. After huge protests across Waziristan and on social media, the 11-day curfew was lifted on June 17. | Today, Wazeer and Dawar still remain in detention, charged with terro…

Eds. (2019-07-18). An extraordinary Twitter exchange with Richard Tol. mronline.org I had an extraordinary Twitter Exchange with Richard Tol over the last few days. I've written this post to preserve that exchange in case, at a future date, Tol decides to delete his tweets. They provide a superb window into the thinking that lies behind mainstream economic modelling of climate change, and why this has […] | Source

teleSUR (2019-07-18). Venezuela Decries EU Attempt to Disrupt Talks With Opposition. telesurenglish.net Venezuelan Foreign Affairs Minister Jorge Arreaza denounced Thursday a new attempt by the European Union to destabilize the dialogue process between government representatives and the opposition in Barbados. | RELATED: | Venezuela Rejects EU Sanctions Warnings | "The institutions of the European Union are determined to disrupt and try to destroy the dialogue process in Venezuela. They do not respect the sovereignty, nor the right to peace. What would Jean Monnet think?" the diplomat tweeted. | Arrea…

Sonali Kolhatkar (2019-07-18). Why I'm Glad About Trump's Latest Twitter Tirade. truthdig.com People of color in the U.S. have experienced many variations of the "go back to where you came from" sentiment. In the wake of President Donald Trump's racist Twitter tirade aimed at "the Squad" of four recently elected women of color in Congress, the Los Angeles Times asked its readers to share their own stories. The anecdotes were painful to read and yet all too familiar to me. Social media threads are filled with similar stories, a…

Staff (2019-07-18). Congress Hammers Big Tech on Competition, Money, Power. truthdig.com Big Tech faced tough questions this week as federal lawmakers focused on issues of potentially anticompetitive behavior by technology giants and expressed bipartisan skepticism over Facebook's plan for a new digital currency. | Companies such as Apple, Google, Facebook and Amazon have long enjoyed nearly unbridled growth and a mythic stature as once-scrappy startups — born in garages and a dorm room and a road trip across the United States — that grew up to dominate their rivals. But as they've grown more powerful, critics have also grown louder, questioning whether the companies stifle competition an…

Richard Gale (2019-07-18). Vaccine Safety and Immunization: Suppressing Critique, Silencing Scientific Evidence. globalresearch.ca During the past year there has been a deliberate assault on medical sanity by the Silicon Valley's internet giants and popular social media platforms to abolish and censor voices and websites challenging the orthodoxy of the CDC's vaccination policies. Last …

Robert Weissman (2019-07-18). Beware Facebook's Libra: A Corporate Surveillance Leviathan With No Precedent Outside the Realm of Science Fiction. commondreams.org David Marcus, Head of Calibra at Facebook, testifies about Facebook's proposed digital currency called Libra, during a Senate Banking, House and Urban Affairs Committee hearing on Capitol Hill in Washington, DC, July 16, 2019. (Photo: Saul Loeb/AFP/Getty Images) | www.commondreams.org/sites/default/files/styles/cd_special_coverage/public/views-article/thumbs/facebook_libra.jpg

Dr. Binoy Kampmark (2019-07-18). Donald Trump, "the Democrat Squad" and Failed Impeachment. globalresearch.ca Twitter has become policy. It is platform, direction and determination. It has served one particular person well, a hazy mechanism to fog up the lenses of law makers. When President Donald Trump needs an air-wave filling distraction, a bilious splurge …

teleSUR (2019-07-18). Dutch Airline KLM Restricts Breastfeeding on Flight. telesurenglish.net The Dutch airline KLM drew criticism by asking mothers to cover themselves while breastfeeding their babies on flights to "ensure that passengers from all backgrounds feel comfortable on board." | RELATED: | Black Jamaican Woman Asked to Get off German Airline Plane Cites 'Racism' | While responding to a question on Twitter about…

Alexis Grenell (2019-07-18). Should We Have a Right to Troll Politicians on Twitter? thenation.com Should We Have a Right to Troll Politicians on Twitter?

teleSUR (2019-07-18). Trump: U.S. Navy Destroys Iranian Drone in Strait of Hormuz. telesurenglish.net President Donald Trump said on Thursday that a U.S. Navy ship had "destroyed" an Iranian drone in the Strait of Hormuz after the aircraft threatened the ship, in the latest incident in the Gulf. | Trump told an event in the White House that the drone had flown to within 1,000 yards (meters) of the USS Boxer. | RELATED: | Iran Seizes Vessel in Gulf for 'Smuggling' Oil | "This is the latest of many provocative and hostile actions by Iran against vessels ope…

Binoy Kampmark (2019-07-18). Donald Trump, the Democrat Squad and Failed Impeachment. dissidentvoice.org Twitter has become policy. It is platform, direction and determination. It has served one particular person well, a hazy mechanism to fog up the lenses of law makers. When President Donald Trump needs an air-wave filling distraction, a bilious splurge of interest in the blogosphere, he is always happy to lob a grenade of 280 …

RT (2019-07-18). 'SEND HER BACK': Trump crowds have new MAGA chant after 'racist tweet' row. rt.com The crowd at Donald Trump's campaign rally in North Carolina erupted in a raucous chant of 'Send her back!' after the US president fired a fresh broadside at Somali-American Congresswoman Ilhan Omar.

Global Research News (2019-07-18). Selected Articles: The Race for the Domination of Space. globalresearch.ca Our objective at Global Research is to recruit one thousand committed "volunteers" among our more than 50,000 Newsletter subscribers to support the distribution of Global Research articles (email lists, social media, crossposts). | Do not send us money. Under Plan A

RT (2019-07-18). '4 horsewomen' of Dem 'squad' poll low amid Trump tweetfest, but their party is doing even worse. rt.com The four Democratic congresswomen feuding with US President Donald Trump are not polling well nationwide, suggesting the president is right that "a lot of people love" his criticism of the women as anti-American "whack jobs."

James Wright (2019-07-18). Watch Boris Johnson pledge that there will be "clean drinking water" if he's prime minister. thecanary.co Boris Johnson pledged that there will be "clean drinking water" if he's prime minister at the final Conservative leadership hustings. | "This great country of ours": | Speaking in East London, Johnson said: Do you really think this great country of ours is incapable of making Christmas dinner… I tell you the planes w…

Fréa Lockley (2019-07-18). Right-wing Labour MPs use Trump's racism for their own advantage. thecanary.co Donald Trump and his supporters have sunk even further into vile racism. On 14 July, Trump issued a series of racist tweets. He told four progressive congresswomen of colour to "go back and help fix" their "broken and crime infested" countries. | Since then, his supporters have pushed the racist attacks against congresswo…

Hatewatch Staff (2019-07-17). Retaking Everything: The Story of Identity Dixie. splcenter.org A small Facebook campaign predicated on keeping Confederate monuments in place has morphed into a group of more than 200 ardent, secretive separatists planning to make the South a separate nation. And Hatewatch has learned the identities of some of the group's leaders and members.

The Canary (2019-07-17). Janet Jackson and 50 Cent to perform at Saudi Arabia concert amid ongoing calls for a boycott. thecanary.co Janet Jackson and rappers 50 Cent and Future have been added to the lineup for the Jeddah World Fest. | The concert in Saudi Arabia is the one that Nicki Minaj pulled out of after human rights organisations urged the rapper to cancel her appearance. | The website f…

Staff (2019-07-17). Headlines for July 17, 2019. democracynow.org House Votes to Condemn Trump's Racist Tweets, Rep. Al Green Introduces Impeachment Articles, Kellyanne Conway to Reporter Asking About Trump's Racism: "What's Your Ethnicity?", Rights Groups File Lawsuits to Stop Trump's Draconian New Asylum Rule, White Police Officer Who Killed Eric Garner Will Not Face Federal Charges, Ex-Peruvian President Alejandro Toledo Arrested in California over Corruption Scandal, Press Freedom Advocates Call for Release of Yemeni Journalist Yahya al-Sawari, Planned Parenthood Removes President Dr. Leana Wen over Disagreements on Direction of Org., Organizations Say They Will Not Comply…

Staff (2019-07-16). "Our Squad Is Big": Reps. Ocasio-Cortez, Omar, Tlaib and Pressley Condemn Trump's Racist Attack. democracynow.org Congressmembers Ayanna Pressley, Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, Rashida Tlaib and Ilhan Omar condemned President Trump's spate of racist attacks against them in a news conference Monday. Their public rebuke followed Trump tweeting Sunday telling them to "go back and help fix the totally broken and crime infested places from which they came." The comments have been widely condemned as racist and xenophobic. We hear from the progressive congresswomen in their own words.

Staff (2019-07-16). Trump's Racist Tweets Fan Hatred, Defining the Coming Election. therealnews.com Professors Gerald Horne and Kimberly Moffit examine how Trump's targeted tweet storm against progressive women of color who serve in Congress works to further divide the Democratic party, while dredging up America's racist settler-colonial past…

Matt Taibi (2019-07-15). Shinnecock nation fights backlash from affluent for building on their own land. liberationnews.org Shinnecock Nation struggles for self-determination at the "Gateway to the Hamptons."

ACLU (2019-07-11). CBP Can't Detain Domestic Flight Passengers for Refusing Suspicionless ID Checks. aclu.org The Constitution protects passengers deplaning domestic flights just as it protects people on the street or in a car. | In February 2017, two U.S. CBP officers stood on a jet bridge at New York's JFK Airport to meet Delta Flight 1583 as it taxied to the gate upon arrival from San Francisco. As passengers prepared to deplane, they were told by flight attendants — at the direction of the two officers — that all passengers would have to show identification documents to the officer…

splcenter (2019-07-10). SPLC statement on White House social media summit. splcenter.org The Trump administration's social media summit today is a gathering of groups and individuals who have no business at the White House.

2019-07-19: Social Media Postees

Why I'm Glad About Trump's Latest Twitter Tirade
Sonali Kolhatkar | commondreams.org | 2019-07-19
Reps. Ayanna Pressley (D-Mass.) speaks as Ilhan Omar (D-Minn.), Rashida Tlaib (D-Mich.), and Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (D-N.Y.) hold a press conference addressing remarks made by President Donald Trump. (Photo: Brendan Smialowski/AFP/Getty Images) | www.commondreams.org/sites/default/files/styles/cd_special_coverage/public/views-article/thumbs/omar_pressley_aoc_tlaib.jpg
commondreams.org/views/2019/07/19/why-im-glad-about-trumps-latest-twitter-tirade?cd-origin=rss

Twitter Restores Assange Activism Account In Response To Backlash
Caitlin Johnstone | dissidentvoice.org | 2019-07-19
After a week of vocal protests from online supporters of Julian Assange, Twitter has reversed its unjust removal of the prominent pro-Assange activism account @Unity4J. After the account was suspended without any explanation being presented to its operators, Assange supporters drew a clear line in the sand against internet censorship and began making a big …
dissidentvoice.org/2019/07/twitter-restores-assange-activism-account-in-response-to-backlash/

Groupthink or bust: House Democrats want to look united, delete tweets attacking each other
rt.com | 2019-07-19
US House Democrats' progressive and establishment wings have pledged not to let their political convictions get in the way of attacking President Donald Trump, uniting in a "collective de-escalation" to squelch intraparty drama. | …
rt.com/usa/464522-house-democrats-ideological-lockstep-pledge/

US House chaplain holds EXORCISM after 'spirits of darkness' engulf proceedings
rt.com | 2019-07-19
The House chaplain has staged an emergency prayer intervention in Congress to cast out the "spirits of darkness" he blames for the turmoil that seized the chamber during the vote to condemn the president's tweets for 'racism.' | …
rt.com/usa/464525-house-chaplain-exorcism-trump-tweets/

Pro-Trump Miss Michigan who refused to try on hijab stripped of title over twitter posts — report
rt.com | 2019-07-19
Ardent Trump supporter Kathy Zhu has said she was stripped of a Miss World America title after the organizers took issue with her black-on-black violence tweet and her refusal to try on a hijab as part of a school activity. | …
rt.com/usa/464557-miss-michigan-title-stripped/

US investigators identify 70 current and former immigration agents in far-right, racist Facebook groups
wsws.org | 2019-07-19
The announcement came after several Facebook groups connected to Customs and Border Protection agents were discovered to contain vulgar and sexually explicit posts.
www.wsws.org/en/articles/2019/07/19/bord-j19.html

Pakistan: Release Ali Wazeer, Mohsin Dawar and PTM activists
susan_p | greenleft.org.au | 2019-07-19
On May 26, the army fired on a non-violent protest by the Pashtun Defence Movement (PTM) in Waziristan, killing at least 13 people and injuring dozens. | Two PTM members of the Pakistan National Assembly, Ali Wazeer and Mohsin Dawar, who led the protest, were arrested on trumped up terrorism charges and a curfew was imposed on the region. | The curfew created a humanitarian crisis, resulting in three deaths from starvation and lack of medicine. After huge protests across Waziristan and on social media, the 11-day curfew was lifted on June 17. | Today, Wazeer and Dawar still remain in detention, charged with terro…
greenleft.org.au/content/pakistan-release-ali-wazeer-mohsin-dawar-and-ptm-activists

Venezuela Decries EU Attempt to Disrupt Talks With Opposition
telesurenglish.net | 2019-07-18
Venezuelan Foreign Affairs Minister Jorge Arreaza denounced Thursday a new attempt by the European Union to destabilize the dialogue process between government representatives and the opposition in Barbados. | RELATED: | Venezuela Rejects EU Sanctions Warnings | "The institutions of the European Union are determined to disrupt and try to destroy the dialogue process in Venezuela. They do not respect the sovereignty, nor the right to peace. What would Jean Monnet think?" the diplomat tweeted. | Arrea…
telesurenglish.net/news/Venezuela-Decries-EU-Attempt-Disrupt-Talks-20190718-0031.html

Vaccine Safety and Immunization: Suppressing Critique, Silencing Scientific Evidence
Richard Gale | globalresearch.ca | 2019-07-18
During the past year there has been a deliberate assault on medical sanity by the Silicon Valley's internet giants and popular social media platforms to abolish and censor voices and websites challenging the orthodoxy of the CDC's vaccination policies. Last …
globalresearch.ca/vaccine-safety-and-immunization-suppressing-critique-silencing-scientific-evidence/5683705

Why I'm Glad About Trump's Latest Twitter Tirade
Sonali Kolhatkar | truthdig.com | 2019-07-18
People of color in the U.S. have experienced many variations of the "go back to where you came from" sentiment. In the wake of President Donald Trump's racist Twitter tirade aimed at "the Squad" of four recently elected women of color in Congress, the Los Angeles Times asked its readers to share their own stories. The anecdotes were painful to read and yet all too familiar to me. Social media threads are filled with similar stories, a…
truthdig.com/articles/why-im-glad-about-trumps-latest-twitter-tirade/

Congress Hammers Big Tech on Competition, Money, Power
Staff | truthdig.com | 2019-07-18
Big Tech faced tough questions this week as federal lawmakers focused on issues of potentially anticompetitive behavior by technology giants and expressed bipartisan skepticism over Facebook's plan for a new digital currency. | Companies such as Apple, Google, Facebook and Amazon have long enjoyed nearly unbridled growth and a mythic stature as once-scrappy startups — born in garages and a dorm room and a road trip across the United States — that grew up to dominate their rivals. But as they've grown more powerful, critics have also grown louder, questioning whether the companies stifle competition an…
truthdig.com/articles/congress-hammers-big-tech-on-competition-money-power/

Beware Facebook's Libra: A Corporate Surveillance Leviathan With No Precedent Outside the Realm of Science Fiction
Robert Weissman | commondreams.org | 2019-07-18
David Marcus, Head of Calibra at Facebook, testifies about Facebook's proposed digital currency called Libra, during a Senate Banking, House and Urban Affairs Committee hearing on Capitol Hill in Washington, DC, July 16, 2019. (Photo: Saul Loeb/AFP/Getty Images) | www.commondreams.org/sites/default/files/styles/cd_special_coverage/public/views-article/thumbs/facebook_libra.jpg
commondreams.org/views/2019/07/18/beware-facebooks-libra-corporate-surveillance-leviathan-no-precedent-outside-realm?cd-origin=rss

Donald Trump, "the Democrat Squad" and Failed Impeachment
Dr. Binoy Kampmark | globalresearch.ca | 2019-07-18
Twitter has become policy. It is platform, direction and determination. It has served one particular person well, a hazy mechanism to fog up the lenses of law makers. When President Donald Trump needs an air-wave filling distraction, a bilious splurge …
globalresearch.ca/donald-trump-democrat-squad-failed-impeachment/5683921

Donald Trump, the Democrat Squad and Failed Impeachment
Binoy Kampmark | dissidentvoice.org | 2019-07-18
Twitter has become policy. It is platform, direction and determination. It has served one particular person well, a hazy mechanism to fog up the lenses of law makers. When President Donald Trump needs an air-wave filling distraction, a bilious splurge of interest in the blogosphere, he is always happy to lob a grenade of 280 …
dissidentvoice.org/2019/07/donald-trump-the-democrat-squad-and-failed-impeachment/

Should We Have a Right to Troll Politicians on Twitter?
Alexis Grenell | thenation.com | 2019-07-18
Should We Have a Right to Troll Politicians on Twitter?
thenation.com/article/troll-twitter-aoc-saladino/

An extraordinary Twitter exchange with Richard Tol
Eds. | mronline.org | 2019-07-18
I had an extraordinary Twitter Exchange with Richard Tol over the last few days. I've written this post to preserve that exchange in case, at a future date, Tol decides to delete his tweets. They provide a superb window into the thinking that lies behind mainstream economic modelling of climate change, and why this has […] | Source…
mronline.org/2019/07/18/an-extraordinary-twitter-exchange-with-richard-tol/

Dutch Airline KLM Restricts Breastfeeding on Flight
telesurenglish.net | 2019-07-18
The Dutch airline KLM drew criticism by asking mothers to cover themselves while breastfeeding their babies on flights to "ensure that passengers from all backgrounds feel comfortable on board." | RELATED: | Black Jamaican Woman Asked to Get off German Airline Plane Cites 'Racism' | While responding to a question on Twitter about…
telesurenglish.net/news/klm-criticism-breastfeeding-on-flight-20190718-0012.html

Right-wing Labour MPs use Trump's racism for their own advantage
Fréa Lockley | thecanary.co | 2019-07-18
Donald Trump and his supporters have sunk even further into vile racism. On 14 July, Trump issued a series of racist tweets. He told four progressive congresswomen of colour to "go back and help fix" their "broken and crime infested" countries. | Since then, his supporters have pushed the racist attacks against congresswo…
thecanary.co/trending/2019/07/18/right-wing-labour-mps-use-trumps-racism-for-their-own-advantage/

'4 horsewomen' of Dem 'squad' poll low amid Trump tweetfest, but their party is doing even worse
rt.com | 2019-07-18
The four Democratic congresswomen feuding with US President Donald Trump are not polling well nationwide, suggesting the president is right that "a lot of people love" his criticism of the women as anti-American "whack jobs." | …
rt.com/usa/464431-democrats-squad-poll-unfavorable/

'SEND HER BACK': Trump crowds have new MAGA chant after 'racist tweet' row
rt.com | 2019-07-18
The crowd at Donald Trump's campaign rally in North Carolina erupted in a raucous chant of 'Send her back!' after the US president fired a fresh broadside at Somali-American Congresswoman Ilhan Omar. | …
rt.com/usa/464432-send-back-omar-chant/

Selected Articles: The Race for the Domination of Space
Global Research News | globalresearch.ca | 2019-07-18
Our objective at Global Research is to recruit one thousand committed "volunteers" among our more than 50,000 Newsletter subscribers to support the distribution of Global Research articles (email lists, social media, crossposts). | Do not send us money. Under Plan A…
globalresearch.ca/selected-articles-race-domination-space/5683975

Retaking Everything: The Story of Identity Dixie
Hatewatch Staff | splcenter.org | 2019-07-17
A small Facebook campaign predicated on keeping Confederate monuments in place has morphed into a group of more than 200 ardent, secretive separatists planning to make the South a separate nation. And Hatewatch has learned the identities of some of the group's leaders and members.
splcenter.org/hatewatch/2019/07/17/retaking-everything-story-identity-dixie

Congresswomen condemn White House racism
Monica Moorehead | workers.org | 2019-07-17
As we go to press, the House of Representatives passed a resolution saying that Trump's tweets were racist. All Democrats and four Republicans voted for the resolution. More to come. The white supremacist and misogynist Trump has opened up another vicious, racist verbal war. This time it is against four . . . | Continue reading Congresswomen condemn White House racism at Workers.org
workers.org/2019/07/17/congresswomen-condemn-white-house-racism/

"Our Squad Is Big": Reps. Ocasio-Cortez, Omar, Tlaib and Pressley Condemn Trump's Racist Attack
Staff | democracynow.org | 2019-07-16
Congressmembers Ayanna Pressley, Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, Rashida Tlaib and Ilhan Omar condemned President Trump's spate of racist attacks against them in a news conference Monday. Their public rebuke followed Trump tweeting Sunday telling them to "go back and help fix the totally broken and crime infested places from which they came." The comments have been widely condemned as racist and xenophobic. We hear from the progressive congresswomen in their own words.
www.democracynow.org/2019/7/16/trump_racist_attacks_congresswomen_of_color

Trump's Racist Tweets Fan Hatred, Defining the Coming Election
Staff | therealnews.com | 2019-07-16
Professors Gerald Horne and Kimberly Moffit examine how Trump's targeted tweet storm against progressive women of color who serve in Congress works to further divide the Democratic party, while dredging up America's racist settler-colonial past…
therealnews.com/stories/trumps-racist-tweets-fan-hatred-defining-the-coming-election

SPLC statement on White House social media summit
splcenter.org | 2019-07-10
The Trump administration's social media summit today is a gathering of groups and individuals who have no business at the White House.
splcenter.org/news/2019/07/10/splc-statement-white-house-social-media-summit